Belcher Mound by Clarence H. Webb

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The Belcher Mound

A Stratified Caddoan Site in Caddo Parish, Louisiana

With a new Foreword by Timothy K. Perttula

2009 Reprint Edition

Clarence H. Webb (1959)

Another rare title of Caddo archeology, Belcher mound has been out of print for 50 years. Tim Perttula, archaeologist for the Caddo Nation, has kindly provided a new foreword to bring this publication up to date.

This 8-1/4" x 10-1/2", 238 page, soft cover, facsimile reprint features 125 illustrations, maps, charts and plans and 28" profile foldout. $24.95

North-south profiles through Mound A, Mound B and the village area north of Mound B

Foldout is 28" in Length

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION
     Historical Background
     Archaeological Background
2. THE EXCAVATIONS
     The Site and Its Setting
     Methods of Excavations
     Physical and Cultural Stratigraphy
     Belcher I, Premound Level
     Belcher II, Primary Mound B
     Belcher III
     Belcher IV, Final Stages
3. HOUSES AND OTHER FEATURES
     Description of the Houses
     House 1
     House 2
     House 3a and 3b
     House 4
     House 5
     House 6
     House 7
     House 8
     Other Features
     Feature 1
     Features 2 and 3
     Feature 4
     Ash Beds
     Black Midden Deposits
     Feature 5
     Features 6 and 7
     Artifacts Not Associated with Houses or
       Features
     Summary and Comparisons
4. BURIALS
     Description of the Burials
     Burial 1
     Burial Pit 2
     Burial Pit 3
     Burial 4
     Burial Pit 5
     Burial Pit 6
     Burial Pit 7
     Burial Pit 8
     Burial Pit 9
     Burial Pit 10
     Burial Pit 11
     Burial Pit 12
     Burial 13
     Burial Pit 14
     Burial Pit 15
     Burial Pit 16
     Burial Pit 17
     Burial Pit 18
     Burial Pit 19
     Burial 20
     Burial 21
     Burial Pit 22
     Burial Pit 23
     Burial Pit 24
     Burial Pit 25
     Burial Pit 26
     Skeletal Material
     Summary of the Skeletal Material
     Summary of the Burials
     Comparative Burial Customs
5. POTTERY
     Typology
     Engraved Wares
     Incised, Trailed, and Punctated Wares
     Stamped Wares
     Brushed Wares
     Ridged and Appliqued Wares
     Noded Wares
     Plain Wares

     Belcher Engraved
     Hodges Engraved
     Cowhide Stamped
     Foster Trailed-Incised
     Keno Trailed
     Belcher Ridged
     Smithport Plain
     Briarfield Plain
     Other Pottery Types
     The Ceramic Sequence
     Belcher I
     Belcher II
     Belcher III
     Belcher IV
     Comparative Analysis of the Ceramic Traits
       at the Belcher Site
     Temper
     Shape
     Pigment
     Decorative Techniques
6. ARTIFACTS
     Stone Artifacts
     Projectile Points
     Scrapers and Knives
     Drills or Gravers
     Celts
     Sandstone Hones
     Pitted Stones
     Other Stone Objects
     Artifacts of Bone, Antler, and Teeth
     Bone Objects
     Antler Objects
     Animal Teeth
     Artifacts of Shell and Pearl
     Conch Shell Vessels
     Zoomorphic Pendants
     Shell Gorget
     Shell Ornaments
     Shell Inlays
     Beads
     Shell Tools
     Ceramic Artifacts
     Ornaments
     Perforated Discs or Spindle Whorls
     Human and Animal Figurines
     Pipes
     Basketry
7. FOOD REMAINS
     Vegetal Remains
     Shell
     Animal Remains
     Summary
8. CULTURAL CONTINUITY AND CHANGE
     The Evidence for Continuity
     The Evidence for Change
     The Sequence of Cultures
     Belcher I, The Haley Focus, and Phase 3 of
       the Alto Focus
     Belcher II and the Bossier Focus
     Belcher III-IV and the Belcher Focus
9. THE SOUTHERN CULT IN THE BELCHER FOCUS
     Motifs
     God-Animal Representations
     Ceremonial Objects
     Costume
     Other Cult Elements
     Cult Elements in Other Caddoan Sites
     Discussion
10. SUMMARY, COMPARISONS, AND CONCLUSIONS
Addendum: Radiocarbon Assays
REFERENCES

Illustrations

1. Map of northwestern Louisiana and southwestern Arkansas
2. Map of the Red River Valley in the vicinity of Belcher, Louisiana
3. Aerial view of the Belcher region
4. Plan of the Belcher Mound site
5. Plan of the excavations, 1936-41
6. Plan of the excavations, 1952-54
7. Aerial view of the Belcher Mound site in 1954
8. North-south profiles through Mound A, Mound B, and the village area north of Mound B
9. East-west profiles through the north village area
10. East-west profiles through the north village area
11. Profiles through Mounds A and B and the village area
12. Plan of the eastern portion of House 1
13. Pottery from House 1
14. Plan of House 2
15. Floor of House 2
16. Floor of House 2 after removal of House 1 marker columns
17. Entrance of House 2
18. Artifacts from the floor of House 2
19. Pottery from the floor of House 2
20. Plan of Houses 3a and 3b
21. Post molds of Houses 3a and 3b
22. Artifacts from the floors of Houses 3a and 3b and the slope of Primary Mound B
23. Plan of House 4
24. View of House 4
25. View showing the stratigraphic relationship of Houses 2 and 4
26. South wall of House 4
27. Artifacts from the floor of House 4
28. Plan of House 5
29. View of House 5
30. Stone artifacts from Houses 1 and 5
31. Artifacts from House 5
32. Plan of House 6
33. View of House 6
34. Sections through House 6 and related burial pits
35. Pottery from House 6
36. Shell artifacts from House 6
37. Bone artifacts from House 6
38. Stone artifacts from House 6
39. Plan of House 7
40. View of House 7
41. Pottery from the floor of House 7
42. Chipped stone artifacts from House 7
43. Ground stone artifacts from House 7
44. Bone and antler artifacts from House 7
45. Shell artifacts from House 7
46. Plan of House 8
47. Artifacts from the floor of House 8
48. Plan and profiles of Feature 1
49. Chipped stone artifacts not associated with houses or features
50. Stone and shell artifacts not associated with houses or features
51. Pottery not associated with houses or features
52. Plan of Burial 1
53. Artifacts with Burial 1
54. Plan of Burial 2
55. Pottery with Burial 2
56. Artifacts with Burial 2
57. Shell beads with Burial 2
58. Engraved conch shell cup with Burial 2
59. Burial 3 and associated pottery
60. Burial 4 and associated pottery
61. Plan of Burial 5
62. Pottery with Burial 5
63. Pottery with Burial 5
64. Artifacts with Burial 5
65. Burial 6 and associated pottery
66. Plan of Burial 7
67. Artifacts with Burial 7
68. Plan of Burial 8
69. Artifacts with Burial 8
70. Plan of Burial 9
71. Artifacts with Burial 9
72. Plan of Burial 10
73. Artifacts with Burial 10
74. Plan of Burial 11
75. Artifacts with Burial 11
76. Plan of Burial 12
77. Artifacts with Burial 12
78. Burial 14 and associated artifacts
79. View of Burial 14 in place
80. Plan of Burial 15
81. View of Burial 15
82. Pottery with Burial 15
83. Pottery with Burial 15
84. Stone artifacts with Burial 15
85. Shell artifacts with Burial 15
86. Plan of Burial 17
87. View of Burial 17
88. Pottery with Burial 17
89. Shell artifacts with Burial 17
90. View of Burial 18
91. Plan of Burial 18
92. Pottery with Burial 18
93. Artifacts with Burial 18
94. Engraved conch shell cup with Burial 18
95. Burials 19, 21, and 22 and associated pottery
96. Plan of Burial 23
97. Artifacts with Burial 23
98. Plan of Burial 24
99. Artifacts with Burial 24
100. Plan of Burial 25
101. Artifacts with Burial 25
102. Zoomorphic shell pendant necklace with Burial 25
103. Plan of Burial 26
104. Pottery with Burial 26
105. Shell artifacts with Burial 26
106. Belcher Engraved pottery
107. Hodges Engraved pottery
108. Hodges Engraved pottery from Mid-Ouachita
109. Cowhide Stamped pottery
110. Foster Trailed-Incised pottery
111. Keno Trailed pottery
112. Keno Trailed pottery from Mid-Ouachita
113. Belcher Ridged pottery
114. Belcher Ridged rim forms and sherds
115. Smithport Plain pottery
116. Smithport Plain pottery from the Belcher Mound and Smithport Landing sites
117. Briarfield Plain olla
118. Glassel Engraved pottery
119. Taylor Engraved pottery
120. Avery Engraved pottery
121. Karnack Brushed-Incised pottery
122. Various pottery types
123. Reconstructed vessels and sherds from various house floors
124. Chart showing the relative proportions of the major pottery types by cultural periods
125. Projectile points